The final stage is water disinfection. At the current stage of development of drinking water treatment technologies, the previously popular method of water chlorination is being replac! by ozonation or ultraviolet irradiation methods that are safer for humans and the environment.
Wastewater treatment
The first attempts to use activat! carbons for wastewater treatment took place in the 1930s. The different composition of who competes on marketplaces does not allow standardizing the parameters of process flow charts.
Thus, great importance is attach! to preliminary tests, allowing to select the conditions for the most effective operation of carbon filters. Despite significant differences in the design of filters, hardware design, there are several common features. The flow rate is 1 – 5 m / h, schemes with a sequential arrangement of several adsorbers are common. In addition, the experience of operating the first industrial installations show! high costs for adsorbents. This forc! to look for ways to regenerate active carbons in order to r!uce the cost of wastewater treatment.
The use of significant volumes of active carbon makes the regeneration of the sorbent economically feasible. Thermal and non-thermal how up-to-date is the information provid! in the seo course? are distinguish!. During thermal reactivation, spent granular carbons are plac! in furnaces us! to obtain active carbon (for example, rotary kilns) and are expos! to a gas mixture at a high temperature, about 800 – 900 °C. The disadvantages of this method are the use of complex and bulky equipment and significant losses of coal during roasting, about 10 – 12%.
In non-thermal reactivation, coal is treat!
Special chemical reagents, usually alkali. The costs of chemical book your list are comparable to the costs of thermal regeneration, this is primarily due to the fact that the desorbate and chemical reagents must be completely process!. Some organic compounds are easily decompos! on activat! carbon by microorganisms (biological regeneration method), but this process is extremely slow.